Canadian AI Hallucination Cases Database | Courtready
Last Updated: June 11, 2026

When AI Invents the Law:
Canadian AI Hallucination Cases Database

Courts and tribunals across Canada have identified non-existent case authorities being cited in legal proceedings. In many instances, the use of artificial intelligence tools has been identified as the source.

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Referenced by Law360 and Canadian Lawyer, listed in the research guides of Queen’s and McGill law libraries, and published on CanLII.
–Decisions Affected
–Other AI Misuse
–Courts & Tribunals
–Fictitious Citations

Canada’s database of AI hallucinated cases and fictitious citations.

This database identifies specific fictitious citations that were cited as real authority and tracks cases where courts flagged the improper use of AI. Explore our Sanctions Database to see how courts have responded to fictitious citations.
Think you can spot a fake citation? Take our 3-round challenge. Most people can’t tell them apart.
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Round 1 of 3
Which of these is a fake citation?
Now imagine being a judge. If you struggled to tell real citations from fake ones, consider what happens when AI-generated authorities are filed in court without verification. Once fake citations enter the system, trust in every citation erodes.
Disclaimer:
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Unless otherwise specified, every citation listed below was described by the adjudicator as non-existent, fictitious, fabricated, or otherwise not locatable in reported case law. Citations marked with an asterisk (*) indicate that, although the adjudicator found that the cited case could not be located or does not exist, the decision does not attribute the issue to the use of artificial intelligence or make any finding about how the citation was generated.

We do not take a position on how or why (i) any citation came to be included in a filing or (ii) AI was used. We also do not attribute intent, motive, or wrongdoing to any party beyond what is expressly stated in the decision itself.

Geographic Spread

AI Hallucinations and Fictitious Citations Across Canada

Click a province or territory to filter the database below.

By Decision By Citation or Issue
Fewer More

Affected DecisionCitation or IssueDateCourt / Tribunal
Key Findings
This Week Last Week
84%163 of 195
Decisions involving self-represented parties where courts identified fictitious citations or other AI misuse.
82%159 of 195
Decisions where courts presumed or confirmed the use of AI tools.
Referenced

Top judge backs Jordan juggernaut, warns bar against filing fake AI-generated precedents in court

Law360 Canada Read Article → Referenced

Canadian Lawyer survey: How Canada’s courts are regulating, using, and evaluating generative AI

Canadian Lawyer Read Article → Published

The Rise of AI-Hallucinated Case Law in Canadian Courts and Tribunals

CanLII Author Program Read Article →
Tom Macintosh Zheng
“

Using AI to prepare legal documents isn’t inherently wrong. For many self-represented Canadians, it may be their only realistic and cost-effective path to justice. The problem isn’t that people are using these tools. The problem is that our courts and tribunals don’t yet have adequate safeguards to catch when these tools hallucinate.

Tom Macintosh Zheng Co-founder of Courtready
Courtready
Live

CaseCheck by Courtready

Don’t let fake cases become real law. CaseCheck is a Canadian legal citation verification tool that cross-references authorities against Canadian case law database. We help self-represented litigants and legal professionals identify AI-hallucinated cases before they reach the courtroom.

Check Out CaseCheck →
AI hallucinations in Canadian courts
Understanding the Problem

Why Does AI Hallucinate Legal Citations?

Large language models like ChatGPT don’t retrieve information the way a search engine or legal database does. They generate text, one word at a time, by predicting what comes next. The result: fake cases in Canadian courts that look real but never existed.

1

AI predicts words, not facts

Large language models work by predicting the most probable next word in a sequence. They don’t look up cases in a database. When asked for legal authority, the model generates text that looks like a citation: a plausible party name, a realistic court abbreviation, a convincing year. None of it is verified against actual case law.

2

Legal citations are especially vulnerable

Case citations follow rigid, predictable formats: a party name, a year, a court code, and a number. This structure makes them easy for AI to mimic convincingly. A hallucinated citation like Smith v. Jones, 2019 ONCA 412 looks identical to a real one, and there is no visual tell that it’s fabricated.

3

The model doesn’t know it’s wrong

AI doesn’t distinguish between generating a real citation and a fictitious one. It has no concept of truth or accuracy, only statistical probability. The model produces what looks right with the same confidence whether the case exists or not. That’s what makes these errors so dangerous in legal settings where every authority must be verifiable.

This is a simplified explanation. AI hallucinations are an active area of research with no single agreed-upon cause or solution.

Methodology

How We Search

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We have compiled this database through systematic and manual searches of reported decisions published by the Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII). We run weekly searches across all Canadian courts and tribunals using two categories of search terms.

The first category targets judicial language indicating that a cited authority could not be verified. These searches use proximity operators to identify decisions where terms such as “cannot find,” “unable to locate,” or “unable to find” appear near words like “case,” “citation,” “authority,” or “decision.” These keywords capture decisions where an adjudicator has noted that a cited case does not appear to exist, regardless of whether the adjudicator attributed the issue to artificial intelligence.

The second category targets decisions that explicitly discuss the use of artificial intelligence in legal proceedings, using terms such as “artificial intelligence,” “generative AI,” and “gen-ai.”

How We Verify

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The decisions responsive to the search terms are reviewed individually to confirm the presence of fictitious citations. Relevant data that make their way onto the database are extracted directly from the decision itself. A PDF of the decision is next to each entry for transparency and public verification.

Coverage & Limitations

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We have designed this methodology to be comprehensive within reported decisions published on CanLII. Any case in which a Canadian court or tribunal identified a fictitious citation using language captured by our search terms will surface in our results and be published in our database. We record each decision as a separate entry. Where the same parties appear in multiple proceedings, we count each decision independently because each one reflects a distinct judicial finding.

This database does not represent an exhaustive record of all fictitious citations in Canadian legal proceedings. Our research does not extend to decisions before January 1, 2024. Lastly, this database documents judicial findings. We do not take a position on how or why any citation came to be included in a filing, nor do we draw any inference about the individuals involved beyond what is expressly stated in the decision itself.

How to Cite This Database

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If you cite this database in academic research, court filings, or news articles, three citation formats are provided below. Click “Copy” next to any format to copy it to your clipboard.

McGill Guide 9th ed.

Tom Macintosh Zheng, AI Hallucinated Cases in Canadian Courts: Database of Fictitious Citations (Toronto: Courtready, 2026), online: <https://courtready.ca/fictitious-citations-in-canadian-courts/> [accessed ].

APA 7th ed.

Zheng, T. M. (2026). AI hallucinated cases in Canadian courts: Database of fictitious citations. Courtready. https://courtready.ca/fictitious-citations-in-canadian-courts/

BibTeX 
@misc{zheng2026hallucinated,
  author    = {Zheng, Tom Macintosh},
  title     = {{AI Hallucinated Cases in Canadian Courts: Database of Fictitious Citations}},
  year      = {2026},
  publisher = {Courtready},
  address   = {Toronto},
  url       = {https://courtready.ca/fictitious-citations-in-canadian-courts/},
  note      = {Accessed: }
}

If you cite this database in a court filing, law review article, news story, or research paper, we’d love to hear about it. Email tom [at] courtready.ca.

This research is led by Tom Macintosh Zheng, former Toronto-based commercial litigator and co-founder of Courtready.

AI Hallucination is a global issue. Check out Damien Charlotin’s database to see how this issue is affecting courts and tribunals worldwide.

If you believe any entry in this database contains an error, please contact us at admin [at] courtready.ca. We are committed to accuracy and will review and address any concerns promptly.
Complete index (195 decisions) click to expand

Plain-text index of every decision, sorted by date (newest first). Provided for search-engine indexing and accessibility; the filterable table above is the primary way to explore the database.

  1. Béland c. Canada (Procureur Général), 2026 CF 779 — Federal Court of Canada, June 11, 2026 (paras. 7, 8). Fictitious citations: Kaweesa c Canada (Citoyenneté et Immigration), 2019 CF 134; Singh c Canada (Sécurité publique et Protection civile), 2015 CF 120; Zolotareva c Canada (Procureur général), 2020 CF 95; Khalil v Canada (Attorney General), 2012 FC 436; Mazhero v Canada (Attorney General), 2019 FC 575; Crichlow v Canada (Treasury Board), 2010 PSLRB 122; Komolafe v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2013 FC 802; Baldwin v Canada (Attorney General), 2019 FC 1119.
  2. Wong v. Westendorf, 2026 BCCRT 878 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, June 8, 2026 (para. 16). Fictitious citation: Real Estate Purchase and Sale Agreement Act.
  3. Djatsa c. Canada (Citoyenneté et Immigration), 2026 CF 729 — Federal Court of Canada, June 4, 2026 (para. 18). Fictitious citations: R. [c.] Canada (Ministre de l’Immigration), 2023 FC 113; Nguyen v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), 2022 FC 623; Thompson v. Canada (Immigration and Refugee Board), 2022 FC 404; Khan v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2021 FC 230; Parker v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2021 FC 801; R. v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), 2021 CF 870 (CanLII); Singh v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2020 FC 411; Ali v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2020 FC 204; Maharaj v. Canada (Minister of immigration), 2019 FC 1089; Vazquez v. Canada (Immigration and Refugee Board), 2019 FC 707.
  4. Okogun v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 722 — Federal Court of Canada, June 3, 2026 (paras. 24, 50, 51, 52). Fictitious citations: Owusu v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2009 FC 593; Kaur v Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2019 FC 1103; Akinfolarin v Canada (C&I), 2019 FC 1254; Tesfay v Canada (C&I), 2016 FC 1300; Mohammadian v Canada (C&I), 2017 FC 1021; Khan v Canada (C&I), 2011 FC 130.
  5. Tefera v. University of Ottawa, 2026 ONSC 3191 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, June 2, 2026 (para. 18). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  6. Protection de la jeunesse – 262332, 2026 QCCS 1966 — Superior Court of Quebec, June 2, 2026 (para. 63). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  7. Wyszynski v. The Owners, Strata Plan BCS1721, 2026 BCCRT 851 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, June 1, 2026 (para. 10). AI misuse identified: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI.
  8. Lee v. AutoCanada MR Motors GP Inc., 2026 BCCRT 854 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, June 1, 2026 (para. 8). AI misuse identified: Evidence generated by AI deemed unreliable.
  9. Wellington Hathshire Mortgage Investment Corp et al v. Russell, 2026 ONSC 3084 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, June 1, 2026 (para. 21). Unfindable citation: Waldick v. Penney, 2019 ONCA 201.
  10. Blanes v. Stellers Jay Academy Inc., 2026 BCCRT 836 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, May 28, 2026 (para. 8). Fictitious citations: S.J. v. N.N., 2012 ABQB 75; Zaky v. 2285771 Ontario Inc. o/a Playtime Bowl & Entertainment, 2021 ONSC 5532.
  11. KH (Re), 2026 ABCJ 83 — Court of Justice of Alberta, May 28, 2026 (para. 30). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  12. Chen v. The Owners, Strata Plan LMS3094, 2026 BCCRT 823 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, May 27, 2026 (para. 11). AI misuse identified: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI.
  13. Whitaker v. The Owners, Strata Plan VIS1144, 2026 BCCRT 801 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, May 22, 2026 (para. 9). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  14. Sinkova v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 650 — Federal Court of Canada, May 21, 2026 (para. 5). Fictitious citations: Abdollahzadeh v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 1361; Torkestani v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 1673; Yavari v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 1421; D’Errico v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 1419; Moghadam v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2024 FC 1319; Farah v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2023 FC 1385.
  15. Fazio v. Canada (Revenue Agency), 2026 FC 651 — Federal Court of Canada, May 21, 2026 (para. 91). AI misuse identified: Relied on AI’s suggestion to allege that opposing counsel is in contempt of court.
  16. Ontario Securities Commission v Alli, 2026 ONCMT 21 — Capital Markets Tribunal of Ontario, May 20, 2026 (para. 17). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  17. Ilyas (Re), 2026 ABSRA 1012 — SafeRoads Alberta of Alberta, May 19, 2026 (para. 10). Unfindable citations: Kaur v Director (SafeRoads Tribunal); Sidhu v Director (SafeRoads Tribunal).
  18. Huggins v. United Steelworkers, Local 7135, 2026 HRTO 740 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, May 13, 2026 (para. 21). AI misuse identified: Relied on AI for legal advice and drafting of legal submissions.
  19. JT v. Quebec (Société de l’assurance automobile), 2026 CanLII 51702 (QC TAQ) — Tribunal Administratif of Quebec, May 12, 2026 (para. 27). AI misuse identified: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI.
  20. Opticiens d’ordonnances (Ordre professionnel des) c. Chartrand, 2026 QCCDOOD 4 — Order of Dispensing Opticians of Quebec, May 8, 2026 (para. 209). Unfindable citation: Mines Abcourt Inc. v. Gélinas & Oliver, 2013 QCCS 3995.
  21. Krivaia v Hungerford, 2026 BCSC 827 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, May 5, 2026 (para. 31). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  22. Yadav v Ahangama, 2026 CanLII 48313 (ON SCSM) — Small Claims Court of Ontario, May 4, 2026 (para. 71). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  23. Morton v. Cherkaoui, 2026 BCCA 179 — Court of Appeal of British Columbia, May 1, 2026 (para. 14). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  24. Carpenters’ Regional Council, United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America v Wealthridge Construction Ltd., 2026 CanLII 44330 (ON LRB) — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, May 1, 2026 (para. 13). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  25. A2500568 (Re), 2026 CanLII 47821 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, May 1, 2026 (para. 82). Fictitious citation: Policy C3-21.10 of the RSCM II.
  26. Mazac v. Muise, 2026 NSSC 138 — Supreme Court of Nova Scotia, April 28, 2026 (para. 52). Fictitious citations: Darkallah v. Walsh, 2015 NSSM 35; Frawley v. Rawleigh, 2012 NSSC 213.
  27. Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co. v 14095863 CANADA INC., 2026 TMOB 87 — Trademarks Opposition Board of Canada, April 28, 2026 (para. 32). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  28. Margolles v. The Owners, Strata Plan VR 2477, 2026 BCCRT 659 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, April 27, 2026 (para. 8). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  29. Association des ressources intermediaires d’hebergement du Quebec (ARIHQ) c. Sante Quebec – Centre integre universitaire de sante et de services sociaux du Centre-Sud-de-l’Ile-de-Montreal, 2026 QCCS 1360 — Superior Court of Quebec, April 22, 2026 (para. 105). Fictitious citations: Ville de Montreal c. Syndicat des cols bleus regroupes de Montreal (SCFP, section locale 301), 2005 QCCA 591; Groleau et Groupe Pages Jaunes Cie, 2011 QCCS 5386; Tremblay c. Commission scolaire de la Jonquiere, 2002 CanLII 24357 (QCCA).
  30. Iida v. Meadow Lane Equine Clinic Ltd, 2026 BCCRT 626 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, April 21, 2026 (para. 26). AI misuse identified: Evidence generated by AI dismissed in its entirety.
  31. Boonstra v Edmonton (City), 2026 ABKB 308 — Court of King’s Bench of Alberta, April 21, 2026 (para. 33). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  32. Arora v. Canadian National Railway, 2026 CanLII 33472 (FC) — Federal Court of Canada, April 15, 2026 (para. 41). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  33. Langen v. The Owners, Strata Plan EPS5455, 2026 BCCRT 590 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, April 14, 2026 (para. 11). AI misuse identified: Fabricated quotes from a real decision.
  34. Cabral v. Mancini, 2026 HRTO 570 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, April 14, 2026 (para. 13). AI misuse identified: Relied on AI-generated legal advice.
  35. H.B. v. Conseil des ecoles publiques de l’Est de l’Ontario, 2026 HRTO 571 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, April 14, 2026 (para. 13). Fictitious citation: Shah v. Toronto DSB, 2021 HRTO 342.
  36. Lloyd’s Register Canada Ltd. v. Choi, 2026 FC 464 — Federal Court of Canada, April 9, 2026 (para. 31). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  37. Decision No. 353/24R, 2026 ONWSIAT 374 — Workplace Safety and Insurance Appeals Tribunal of Ontario, April 7, 2026 (para. 27). Fictitious citations: Robert v. WSIAT; Curtis v. WSIAT.
  38. 9525-1260 Quebec inc. c. Donato, 2026 QCCS 1142 — Superior Court of Quebec, April 2, 2026 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  39. AGC v Registrar of Land Titles, 2026 YKSC 23 — Supreme Court of Yukon, April 2, 2026 (para. 33). AI misuse identified: Undisclosed submission of AI-generated materials.
  40. Galang v Canada (Attorney General), 2026 BCSC 564 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, March 31, 2026 (para. 28). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  41. Côté et Placements JF Desgagné inc., 2026 QCTAT 1311 — Tribunal Administratif du Travail of Quebec, March 26, 2026 (para. 21). AI misuse identified: Evidence generated by AI dismissed in its entirety.
  42. Iyer v Nazir, 2026 ABCA 92 — Court of Appeal of Alberta, March 23, 2026 (para. 19). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  43. Singh v Director of the Residential Tenancy Branch, 2026 BCSC 627 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, March 23, 2026 (para. 13). AI misuse identified: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI.
  44. National Indigenous Fisheries Institute v. Canada (Fisheries and Oceans), 2026 FC 382 — Federal Court of Canada, March 20, 2026 (para. 48). Fictitious citations: Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration) v. R. (2006), 54 Admin. L.R. (4th) 151 (FCA); Borden Ladner Gervais LLP v. Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration), 2015 FC 438; Federal Express Canada Inc. v. Canada (Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness), 2013 FCA 257; Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada v. Imperial Oil Limited, 2011 FC 728.
  45. Salah v. Peel Condominium Corporation No. 168, 2026 ONCAT 53 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, March 19, 2026 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  46. PL v Minister of Employment and Social Development, 2026 SST 248 — Social Security Tribunal of Canada, March 17, 2026 (para. 89). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  47. Re Reza Khoshnik, 2026 ONSC 1581 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, March 16, 2026 (para. 53). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  48. Law Society of Alberta v Tiwana, 2026 ABLS 7 — Law Society of Alberta, March 12, 2026 (para. 25). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  49. Krivaia v Hungerford, 2026 BCSC 408 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, March 11, 2026 (para. 81). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  50. QM v RM, 2026 ABKB 185 — Court of King’s Bench of Alberta, March 11, 2026 (para. 70). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  51. Siemens v. The Owners, Strata Plan EPS3699, 2026 BCCRT 401 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, March 10, 2026 (para. 31). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  52. Kapahi Real Estate Inc. v. Elite Real Estate Club of Toronto Inc., 2026 ONSC 1438 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, March 10, 2026 (para. 24). AI misuse identified: Fabricated quotes from a real decision.
  53. Thabize c. Immobilière Montérégienne IMR Inc., 2026 QCTAL 7284 — Tribunal Administratif du Logement of Quebec, March 6, 2026 (para. 20). Fictitious citation: Événtail Habitation inc. c. X, 2023 QCTAL 150.
  54. Gray v. Canada (Attorney General), 2026 FC 306 — Federal Court of Canada, March 5, 2026 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  55. Makongo v. Montpetit, 2026 QCCQ 746 — Court of Quebec of Quebec, March 3, 2026 (para. 41). Fictitious citations: Toronto-Dominion Bank v. Phillips, Houlden & Co. Ltd. , 1984 CanLII 20 (SCC) , [1984] 1 SCR 536; National Bank of Canada v. Dufour , 2015 QCCQ 6767; Prevost inc. v. City of Montreal , 2001 CanLII 20689 (QC CA); Caisse populaire Desjardins de Val-Brillant v. Blouin , 2003 CanLII 37430 (QCCA).
  56. Maruta v. Mahon, 2026 HRTO 356 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, March 2, 2026 (para. 17). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  57. Asey v. The Association of Justice Counsel, 2026 HRTO 367 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, March 2, 2026 (para. 6). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  58. Re Gary Man Kin Ng, 2026 ONSC 1418 — Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) of Ontario, March 2, 2026 (para. 14). Fictitious citation: Galty B.V. (Re), 2021 ONSC 7250.
  59. White v. The Owners, Strata Plan BCS3946, 2026 BCCRT 339 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, February 27, 2026 (para. 9). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  60. Kennedy v. Condominium Authority of Ontario, 2026 HRTO 299 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, February 19, 2026 (para. 21). AI misuse identified: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI.
  61. Droit de la famille — 26184, 2026 QCCS 666 — Superior Court of Quebec, February 18, 2026 (para. 36). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  62. HDO v MDF, 2026 ABCA 45 — Court of Appeal of Alberta, February 17, 2026 (para. 19). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  63. 14095863 Canada Inc. v Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co., 2026 TMOB 28 — Trademarks Opposition Board of Canada, February 17, 2026 (para. 12). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  64. 14095863 Canada Inc. v Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co., 2026 TMOB 29 — Trademarks Opposition Board of Canada, February 17, 2026 (para. 11). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  65. Paul Greco v Abercrombie & Fitch Trading Co., 2026 TMOB 30 — Trademarks Opposition Board of Canada, February 17, 2026 (para. 11). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  66. Deblois c. Canada (Procureur général), 2026 CF 218 — Federal Court of Canada, February 16, 2026 (para. 35). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  67. Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario, 2026 ONLSTH 33 — Law Society Tribunal of Ontario, February 12, 2026 (para. 61). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  68. Vance v. Ontario (Provincial Police), 2026 HRTO 273 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, February 12, 2026 (para. 13). Unfindable citation: Campbell v. Ontario (Community Safety and Correctional Services), 2013 HRTO 119.
  69. Alamleh c. R., 2026 QCCS 416 — Superior Court of Quebec, February 11, 2026 (para. 8). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  70. Seidu v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2026 FC 185 — Federal Court of Canada, February 10, 2026 (para. 27). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  71. Garrick v Halton Police Board, 2026 ONSC 802 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, February 10, 2026 (para. 29). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  72. Zeng v Zuo, 2026 BCSC 188 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, February 5, 2026 (para. 100). AI misuse identified: Allegations of AI-generated legal submissions.
  73. Applicant v. College of Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia (No. 2), 2026 BCHPRB 25 — Health Professions Review Board of British Columbia, February 5, 2026 (para. 23). Unfindable citations: Singh v. CPSBC (2009 BCSC); Patel v. CPSBC (2011 BCCA).
  74. RSR Road Surface Recycling v Bonnechere Excavating et al., 2026 ONSC 698 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, February 4, 2026 (para. 39). AI misuse identified: Fabricated quotes from a real decision.
  75. Rasko v. ICBC, 2026 BCCRT 162 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, January 30, 2026 (para. 25). Unfindable citation: Brown v. Swanson, 2021 BCSC 698.
  76. Labourers’ International Union of North America, Local 1059 v 519 London Excavating Inc., 2026 CanLII 8474 — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, January 30, 2026 (para. 13). AI misuse identified: AI-generated submissions did not contain neutral citation numbers for decision cited.
  77. Howse v. Coulton, 2026 BCCRT 153 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, January 29, 2026 (para. 13). Fictitious citation: Re MacKinnon, 2016 BCCA 111.
  78. Davidson v PCL Constructors Inc., 2026 AHRC 15 — Human Rights Tribunal of Alberta, January 27, 2026 (para. 35). Unfindable citation: AHRC v. Alberta (Aboriginal Affairs), 2011 ABQB 56.
  79. Gu v Fogler Rubinoff, 2026 ONSC 466 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, January 23, 2026 (para. 24). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  80. Reddy v Saroya, 2026 ABCA 20 — Court of Appeal of Alberta, January 22, 2026 (para. 1). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  81. Pellegrino v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486, 2026 ONCAT 5 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, January 20, 2026 (para. 20). Unfindable citation: Wu v TSCC 1754, 2021 ONCAT 63.
  82. Zou v Miracon Development Inc., 2026 BCSC 85 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, January 20, 2026 (para. 23). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  83. Waddell (Re), 2026 ONSC 387 — Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) of Ontario, January 20, 2026 (para. 68). AI misuse identified: AI-generated submissions did not contain neutral citation numbers for decision cited.
  84. Arora v. Canadian National Railway, 2026 FC 82 — Federal Court of Canada, January 19, 2026 (para. 26). Fictitious citations: CP Rail v. Canada (AG), 2015 FC 1348; Manitoba v. CHRC, 2016 FC 836.
  85. X.L. v. Z.L. et al, 2026 ONSC 347 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, January 16, 2026 (para. 59). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  86. Vasina v. York Condominium Corporation No. 486, 2026 ONCAT 3 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, January 12, 2026 (para. 6). Fictitious citations: Labelle v Essex CC 28, 2021 ONCAT 35; Mersich v PCC 89 ONCAT 75; Rui v TSCC 2151, 202 ONCAT 27; Wu v TSCC 1754, 202 ONCAT 63.
  87. Roy v. Canada (Attorney General), 2026 FC 28 — Federal Court of Canada, January 9, 2026 (para. 27). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  88. Riley Pollard v UNIFOR Local 324, 2026 CanLII 1037 — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, January 6, 2026 (para. 12). AI misuse identified: Allegations of AI-generated legal submissions and references to non-existent rules.
  89. Greenwood v. The Owners, Strata Plan LMS4102, 2026 BCCRT 6 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, January 5, 2026 (para. 10). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  90. Bahrani v Peters, 2026 SKCA 2 — Court of Appeal of Saskatchewan, January 5, 2026 (para. 89). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  91. Dudak (Re), 2026 ABSRA 54 — SafeRoads Alberta of Alberta, January 2, 2026 (para. 31). Unfindable citations: R v. Vilcnik, 2006 SKCA 40; R v. Hufsky, 2008 SCC 33; R v. Beland, 2010 ONCA 120; R v. Perrier, 2011 ABCA 268.
  92. Mazaheri v Law Society of Ontario, 2025 ONLSTH 186 — Law Society Tribunal of Ontario, December 30, 2025 (para. 9). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  93. Chaudhary v. Genest, 2025 HRTO 3121 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, December 29, 2025 (para. 26). AI misuse identified: Fabricated quotes from a real decision.
  94. JF v Canada Employment Insurance Commission, 2025 SST 1390 — Social Security Tribunal of Canada, December 24, 2025 (paras. 11, 12, 13, 14). Unfindable citations: Gagnon v Canada, 1999 FCA 8976; Kienast v Canada, 2004 FCA 128; Lafleur v Canada, 2004 FCA 155; Lussier v Canada, 2005 FCA 91.
  95. Kalala c. Coopérative d’habitation La Fraternité Micheloise, 2025 QCCS 4866 — Superior Court of Quebec, December 23, 2025 (para. 26). Fictitious citations: Coopérative d’habitation Le Tremplin c. Bouchard, 2009 QCCS 4521; Syndicat des copropriétaires du 1245 Saint-André c. Deschênes, 2011 QCCA 1234.
  96. Nelligan O’Brien Payne v Amy French, 2025 TMOB 261 — Trademarks Opposition Board of Canada, December 19, 2025 (para. 25). AI misuse identified: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI.
  97. Obermann v. ICBC, 2025 BCCRT 1759 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, December 19, 2025 (para. 8). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  98. Vicki Boomer, 2025 BCLRB 250 — Labour Relations Board of British Columbia, December 16, 2025 (para. 52). Fictitious citation: The Teamsters Case (BCLRB No. B135/2022).
  99. Bégin-Létourneau c. Syndicat des spécialistes et professionnels d’Hydro-Québec, section locale 4250, SCFP-FTQ, 2025 QCTAT 5208 — Tribunal Administratif du Travail of Quebec, December 15, 2025 (para. 20). Fictitious citations: Côté c. Syndicat canadien de la fonction publique, section locale 1500, [1992] RJDT 255 (T.A.T.); Tremblay c. Syndicat des travailleurs de l’aluminium d’Arvida (CSN), D.T.E. 96T-303.
  100. St-Roch c. Andritz Hydro Canada inc., 2025 QCTAT 5136 — Tribunal Administratif du Travail of Quebec, December 15, 2025 (para. 46). Unfindable citation: Bélanger c. Ville de Repentigny, 2008 QCCA 603.
  101. Balogun v. Wentworth Standard Condominium Corporation No. 382, 2025 ONCAT 207 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, December 5, 2025 (para. 3). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  102. Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 6785 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, December 4, 2025 (para. 42). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  103. J.V.E.C. v S.M.D., 2025 SKKB 203 — Court of King’s Bench of Saskatchewan, December 4, 2025 (para. 37). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  104. Heneghan v. The Owners, Strata Plan 187, 2025 BCCRT 1681 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, December 2, 2025 (para. 32). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  105. Wang, Fengxi (Re), 2025 ONSC 6707 — Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) of Ontario, December 1, 2025 (para. 35). Fictitious citations: Royal Bank v. Humaira, 2019 ONCA 667; Re H.Y. Louie Co. Ltd., 2001 BCSC 556; Royal Bank v. Rehmani, 2017 ONCA 615; Royal Bank v. St-Onge, 2001 SKCA 117.
  106. PL v Minister of Employment and Social Development, 2025 SST 1237 — Social Security Tribunal of Canada, November 28, 2025 (para. 9). Fictitious citations: Gattellaro v. Canada (AG), 2005 FCA 83; Canada (AGC) v. Thouin, 2016 FC 1051.
  107. Obermann v. Spring Financial Inc., 2025 BCCRT 1669 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, November 28, 2025 (para. 9). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  108. Chan v. British Columbia (Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal), 2025 BCCA 452 — Court of Appeal of British Columbia, November 28, 2025 (para. 39). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  109. Lessard c. Longuepee, 2025 QCCQ 8285 — Court of Quebec of Quebec, November 26, 2025 (para. 38). Fictitious citations: Leblanc c. Lacasse, C.Q. 2005; Girard c. Roy, 2012 QCCQ 7854; Beaulieu c. Ferland, 2009 QCCQ 3249; Bujold c. Élevage du Nord, 2018 QCCQ 1649.
  110. Internet Sciences Inc v CNSX Markets Inc, 2025 ONCMT 17 — Capital Markets Tribunal of Ontario, November 25, 2025 (para. 7). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  111. Walker v. Collingwood General and Marine Hospital, 2025 HRTO 2874 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, November 21, 2025 (para. 54). Unfindable citations: Dhanjal v. Air Canada, 2016 HRTO 1301; Sokoloff v. Tru-Path Occupational Therapy Services Ltd., 2013 HRTO 539; Turner v. Canada Border Services Agency, 2017 HRTO 211.
  112. Syndicat des travailleuses et travailleurs de L’Autre Maison – CSN c Centre L’Autre Maison inc., 2025 CanLII 120680 (QC SAT) — Labour Arbitration Awards of Quebec, November 21, 2025 (para. 125). Fictitious citations: Commission scolaire régionale Chauveau c. Roberge, [1980] C.A. 37; Morin c. Commission scolaire de Laval (C.A., 1997); Desrosiers c. Hôpital Sainte-Anne (T.A., 2001); Caron c. Ville de Montréal (C.R.T., 2010).
  113. Desmarchais-Min v. Canada (Attorney General), 2025 FC 1854 — Federal Court of Canada, November 21, 2025 (para. 27). Fictitious citations: Labrosse v. Canada (Attorney General), 2023 FC 621; Nadeem v. Canada (Attorney General), 2022 FC 754.
  114. RR v. Fraser Health Authority and others (No.3), 2025 BCHRT 287 — Human Rights Tribunal of British Columbia, November 20, 2025 (para. 219). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  115. R v Wallace, 2025 NBKB 268 — Court of King’s Bench of New Brunswick, November 20, 2025 (para. 66). Unfindable citations: R. v Terrence, 1983 CanLII 3477; R. v Gray, 2021 SKCA 152; R. v Khan, 2020 ONCA 487; R. v Marshall, 2019 ABCA 397.
  116. Yuehong v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2025 FC 1837 — Federal Court of Canada, November 19, 2025 (para. 93). Unfindable citation: Ayyad v Canada (2023 FC 456).
  117. Wang v. Mongeon, 2025 HRTO 2859 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, November 19, 2025 (para. 11). Fictitious citations: Wong v. Toronto (City), 2022 HRTO 987; Tan v. RBC, 2021 HRTO 432; Chen v. Ontario (Justice of the Peace), 2020 HRTO 112.
  118. DJ v SN, 2025 ABCA 383 — Court of Appeal of Alberta, November 19, 2025 (para. 24). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  119. Entreprises Bertrand Roberge ltée c. Giroux, 2025 QCCS 4157 — Superior Court of Quebec, November 18, 2025 (paras. 134, 285). Unfindable citations: Crawford c. Crawford McGregor, 1939 CanLII 42 (SCC), [1941] R.C.S. 1; Droit de la famille – 123456, 2017 QCCA 1234; Succession de Blanchette, 2023 QCCA 678.
  120. Azar c. Université de Montréal, 2025 QCCA 1442 — Court of Appeal of Quebec, November 13, 2025 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  121. BS v. Minister responsible for Social Solidarity and Community Action, 2025 CanLII 124599 (QC TAQ) — Tribunal Administratif of Quebec, November 12, 2025 (para. 129). AI misuse identified: Repeated filing of AI-generated legal submissions.
  122. Choi v. Slopinski, 2025 BCSC 2226 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, November 10, 2025 (para. 38). Unfindable citation: Mullins v. McMaster University, 2020 ONSC 2403.
  123. Ren v. Area 09, 2025 BCPAAB 20253891 — Property Assessment Appeal Board of British Columbia, November 7, 2025 (para. 3). AI misuse identified: Fabricated quotes from a real decision.
  124. BC Taco Restaurant Group Ltd., 2025 BCEST 134 — Employment Standards Tribunal of British Columbia, November 6, 2025 (para. 21). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  125. O.K. v. Southern Ontario Secondary Schools Association, 2025 HRTO 2715 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, October 30, 2025 (para. 34). Unfindable citation: Hodges v. Triathlon Canada.
  126. Droit de la famille – 251792, 2025 QCCS 4505 — Superior Court of Quebec, October 30, 2025 (para. 30). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  127. Bourse de Immobilier Multilogements inc. c. Lanthier, 2025 QCCS 4135 — Superior Court of Quebec, October 29, 2025 (para. 10). Fictitious citations: Société Radio-Canada c. Québec (Procureur général), 2011 QCCA 826; Dupuis c. Société d’énergie de la Baie James, 2009 QCCS 1786; Prud’homme c. Rawdon, 2020 QCCS.
  128. The Vancor Group Inc. v. 2744364 Ontario Limited et al, 2025 ONSC 5925 — Superior Court of Justice (Commercial List) of Ontario, October 28, 2025 (para. 22). Fictitious citations: Valgardson v. British Columbia, 2020 BCCA 20; Wallace v. Crates Marine Sales Ltd. 2014 ONSC 3124.
  129. Wu v. Murray, 2025 BCCA 365 — Court of Appeal of British Columbia, October 21, 2025 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  130. X.L. v. Z.L. et al, 2025 ONSC 5880 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, October 16, 2025 (para. 91). Fictitious citations: Duggan v. Durham Region Law Association, 2022 ONCA 216; Gowling Lafleur Henderson LLP v. Shorter, 2011 ONSC 5840; Indalex Ltd., Re, 2013 SCC 6; Pinto v. BMO Trust Company, 2017 ONCA 120.
  131. 1000831699 Ontario Inc v Lodhi, 2025 ONLTB 78871 — Landlord and Tenant Board of Ontario, October 15, 2025 (para. 13). Fictitious citation: Dundas & Jarvis Associates v. Djemo (1991), 15 R.P.R. (2d) 36 (Div. Ct.).
  132. T.B. v K.M., 2025 SKKB 176 — Court of King’s Bench of Saskatchewan, October 15, 2025 (para. 19). Fictitious citations: A.M. v C.H., 2019 SKQB 162; Baker v Baker, 2007 ONCA 329; R.C. v R.C., 2013 NSCA 71; M.K. v S.K., 2010 ABQB 150.
  133. Dulac c. Ville de Gatineau, 2025 CanLII 113234 (QC TAQ) — Tribunal Administratif of Quebec, October 11, 2025 (para. 52). Unfindable citations: 2024 QCTAQ 02812; 2024 QCTAQ 2765; Tremblay c. Québec, 2018 QCTAQ 0921; Bouchard c. Montréal, 2017 QCTAQ 1342; Lambert c. Laval, 2019 QCTAQ 0678.
  134. Visca v. Halton District School Board, 2025 HRTO 2547 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, October 9, 2025 (para. 9). Unfindable citations: Carter v. Chrysler Canada Inc., 2015 HRTO 708; Adekayode v. Metro Toronto Convention Centre, 2010 HRTO 2207; Baranowski v. Cintas Canada Limited, 2014 HRTO 205.
  135. Ren v. Area 09, 2025 BCPAAB 20251941 — Property Assessment Appeal Board of British Columbia, October 7, 2025 (para. 6). AI misuse identified: Fabricated quotes from a real decision.
  136. Barrette v Wevers, 2025 ABKB 583 — Court of King’s Bench of Alberta, October 6, 2025 (para. 10). Unfindable citation: Saffi v Johns, 2014 ABQB 237.
  137. Delisle v. Canadian Association of Professional Employees, 2025 FPSLREB 131 — Public Sector Labour Relations and Employment Board of Canada, October 3, 2025 (para. 30). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  138. Backhaus v. Area 01, 2025 BCPAAB 20251734 — Property Assessment Appeal Board of British Columbia, October 2, 2025 (para. 10). Fictitious citations: Area #01 – Capital v. Queen Alexandra Foundation for Children (2000 BCCA 9); Glenmark Developments Inc. v. Assessor of Area #09 – Vancouver (2009).
  139. Hogan v. Treasury Board (Department of Employment and Social Development), 2025 FPSLREB 127 — Public Sector Labour Relations and Employment Board of Canada, October 1, 2025 (para. 23). Fictitious citations: Canadian Human Rights Commission v. Canada (AG), 2018 FCA 12; Merriweather v. Canada (Attorney General), 2012 FC 109; Fanning v. Treasury Board, 2023 FPSLREB 12; Vancouver v. CUPE, 2006 SCC 27.
  140. Specter Aviation Limited c. Laprade, 2025 QCCS 3521 — Superior Court of Quebec, October 1, 2025 (para. 53). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  141. Reddy v Saroya, 2025 ABCA 322 — Court of Appeal of Alberta, September 26, 2025 (para. 73). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  142. Salem v. Deputy Head (Department of Health), 2025 FPSLREB 122 — Public Sector Labour Relations and Employment Board of Canada, September 24, 2025 (para. 59). Fictitious citations: Nelligan v. Canada (Attorney General), 2008 FC 745; O’Brien v. Canada (Treasury Board), 2004 PSSRB 27; OPSEU v. Ontario (Ministry of Correctional Services) (Kirkwood Greivance), [2005] O.G.S.B.A. No. 100; Sweeney v. Canada, 2006 PSLRB 125.
  143. Stile Carpentry Ltd. v. 2004424 Ontario Inc., 2025 ONCA 669 — Court of Appeal of Ontario, September 23, 2025 (para. 8). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  144. Messa v. Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2025 FC 1557 — Federal Court of Canada, September 23, 2025 (para. 7). AI misuse identified: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI.
  145. Régie du bâtiment du Québec c. 9308-2469 Québec inc. (Éco résidentiel), 2025 QCRBQ 86 — Régie du Bâtiment of Quebec, September 11, 2025 (para. 162). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  146. Re X Corp., 2025 BCCRT 1228 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, September 4, 2025 (para. 45). AI misuse identified: Fabricated quotes from a real decision. Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI.
  147. Lockwood v. ICBC, 2025 BCCRT 1227 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, September 3, 2025 (para. 53). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  148. Alana Kotler v Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation, 2025 CanLII 96840 (ON LRB) — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, August 29, 2025 (para. 19). Fictitious citations: Blouin Drywall Ltd.; [1983] OLRB Rep. June 1057; Brisette v. Amalgamated Transit Union, Local 113, [2010] O.L.R.D. No. 2142; Figueroa v. Canadian Union of Postal Workers, 2014 CIRB 748; Hargrave v. CUPE, Local 2544, 2012 OLRD No. 3055; Harley v. Canadian Union of Postal Workers, 2010 CHRT 4; Holmes v. CUPE, Local 4092, [2015] O.L.R.D. No. 1751; Kanellopoulos v. Canadian Union of Public Employees, Local 1000, [2012] O.L.R.D. No. 166; Latreille v. Canadian Union of Public Employees, (2002) 2002 CanLII 79118 (BC LA), 110 L.A.C. (4th) 289; Latreille v. Ontario Secondary School Teachers’ Federation, [2008] O.L.R.D. No. 1918; Lenahan v. Canadian Auto Workers, Local 222, 2003 CanLII 55779 (ON LRB); Millen v. OSSTF District 25, [2001] OLRB Rep. May/June 485; Rosati v. Teamsters Local Union No. 879, [2012] OLRD No. 2072.
  149. Larry and Kari Myers v. Tarion Warranty Corporation, 2025 CanLII 86528 (ON LAT) — Licence Appeal Tribunal of Ontario, August 28, 2025 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  150. Babbar v. Tarion Warranty Corporation, 2025 CanLII 111710 (ON LAT) — Licence Appeal Tribunal of Ontario, August 25, 2025 (para. 15). Unfindable citations: Bastide vs. Tarion Warranty Corporation (2017); Hirsch vs. Tarion Warranty Corporation (2014).
  151. MacEachern-Flatt v. University Health Network, 2025 HRTO 2125 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, August 25, 2025 (para. 18). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  152. A2501051 (Re), 2025 CanLII 97422 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, August 18, 2025 (para. 5). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  153. XH v Canada Employment Insurance Commission, 2025 SST 1097 — Social Security Tribunal of Canada, August 18, 2025 (para. 9). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  154. Maxwell v. WestJet Airlines Ltd., 2025 BCCRT 1146 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, August 15, 2025 (para. 12). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citation Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  155. Yashcheshen v Saskatchewan Government Insurance, 2025 SKKB 127 — Court of King’s Bench of Saskatchewan, August 15, 2025 (para. 26). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  156. Blinds to Go Inc. c. Blachley, 2025 QCCS 3190 — Superior Court of Quebec, August 11, 2025 (para. 57). Fictitious citations: Produits Gilbert Inc. c. Fiset, 2007 QCCA 378; Les Entreprises Marc Leblanc Inc. v. Dupuis, 2003 QCCS 1559; BGE Canada v. LG Electronics Inc., 2017 FCA 68; Bail v. Sherbrooke Mechanical, 2003 QCCA 435.
  157. Musselman v. Vanderstelt, 2025 BCCA 289 — Court of Appeal of British Columbia, August 8, 2025 (para. 7). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  158. Halton (Regional Municipality) v. Rewa et al., 2025 ONSC 4503 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, August 1, 2025 (para. 46). Fictitious citations: MacMillan Bloedel Ltd. v. Kruger Inc., 1988 CanLII 4630 (ON SC); CIBC World Markets Inc. v. Genuity Capital Markets, 2011 ONCA 525 (CanLII); Deloitte & Touche v. Livent Inc. 2017 ONCA 575 (CanLII).
  159. A2402099 (Re), 2025 CanLII 82587 (BC WCAT) — Workers’ Compensation Appeal Tribunal of British Columbia, July 30, 2025 (para. 45). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  160. Hakemi v. ICBC, 2025 BCCRT 1035 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, July 24, 2025 (para. 12). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  161. Pennytech Inc v Superior Building Group Limited, 2025 ONLTB 52666 — Landlord and Tenant Board of Ontario, July 21, 2025 (para. 15). Fictitious citations: Aiken v. Greenberg, 1997 CanLII 12298 (ON SC); Crescent Town Tenants’ Assn. v. Toronto Community Housing Corp., 2009 ONCA 613; Dickinson v. Oxford (County), 2006 CanLII 40070 (ON SCDC); Holley v. Northern Centre for Advanced Technology Inc., 2006 ONCA 142; TNL-24884-12 (Re), 2012 CanLII 51605 (ON LTB).
  162. Moradi v British Columbia (Human Rights Tribunal), 2025 BCSC 1377 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, July 18, 2025 (para. 18). Fictitious citations: Jones v. BC Human Rights Tribunal, 2018 BCSC 1234; Smith v. BC Human Rights Tribunal, 2017 BCSC 5678.
  163. Blaser v. Campbell, 2025 BCCRT 962 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, July 15, 2025 (para. 16). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  164. Lloyd’s Register Canada Ltd. v. Choi, 2025 FC 1233 — Federal Court of Canada, July 10, 2025 (para. 2). Fictitious citation: Fontaine v Canada, 2004 FC 1777.
  165. Dhuruvasangary v. Toronto Standard Condominium Corporation No. 1532, 2025 ONCAT 115 — Condominium Authority Tribunal of Ontario, July 9, 2025 (para. 17). Unfindable citations: McKnight v. York Condominium Corporation No. 382, 2020 ONCAT 40; Wu v Peel Condominium Corporation No. 245, 2021 ONCAT 30.
  166. NCR v KKB, 2025 ABKB 417 — Court of King’s Bench of Alberta, July 9, 2025 (para. 110). Fictitious citations: Patterson v Patterson, 2021 ABQB 144; BMD v SAB (2018 ABCA 369); JY v ML, 2020 ABQB 117; WC v AB, 2018 ABQB 474; HM v MB (2018 ABQB 280); EDS v JMS (2011 ABCA 70); Re: NL v SD (2017 ABQB 196).
  167. AQ v. BW, 2025 BCCRT 907 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, July 4, 2025 (para. 15). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  168. LaPointe v. Chief Animal Welfare Inspector, 2025 ONACRB 159 — Animal Care Review Board of Ontario, June 30, 2025 (para. 36). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  169. Hussein v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), 2025 FC 1138 — Federal Court of Canada, June 24, 2025 (para. 15). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  170. Enviro Plus Duct Cleaning, 2025 CanLII 59520 (CA CITT) — Canadian International Trade Tribunal of Canada, June 20, 2025 (para. 29). Fictitious citation: MDS Nordion (PR-2001-041).
  171. Monfared v Canada (Citizenship and Immigration), 2025 CanLII 133075 (CA IRB) — Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada of Canada, June 20, 2025 (para. 25). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  172. J.R.V. v N.L.V, 2025 BCSC 1137 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, June 19, 2025 (para. 51). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  173. Attorney General v. $32,000 in Canadian Currency, 2025 ONSC 3414 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, June 16, 2025 (para. 50). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  174. Zahariev v Zaharieva, 2025 BCSC 1057 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, June 9, 2025 (para. 14). Fictitious citations: Kovacs v. Kovacs, 2012 BCSC 1400; D.A.M. v. M.A.K., 2009 ONCJ 405; C.A. v. G.T., 2012 NBQB 282.
  175. Noura Ahmed v Troy Powell, 2025 CanLII 62624 (ON LRB) — Labour Relations Board of Ontario, June 9, 2025 (para. 25). Unfindable citation: McDonald v CAAT Academic Union, 2013 CanLII 76296 (ON LRB).
  176. Lakhanpal v. Avis Budget Group Inc., 2025 HRTO 1410 — Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario, June 4, 2025 (para. 12). Unfindable citations: Ahmed v. Shelter Canadian Properties Limited (2003) HRTO; Morgis v. Thomson Consumer Electronics (1998) HRTO; Narasimhalu v. Ontario (2009) HRTO 1894.
  177. R. v. Chand, 2025 ONCJ 282 — Court of Justice of Ontario, May 26, 2025 (para. 5). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  178. Shakori v Tern, 2025 ONLTB 31233 — Landlord and Tenant Board of Ontario, May 26, 2025 (para. 62). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  179. Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 2965 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, May 20, 2025 (para. 14). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  180. Ko v. Li, 2025 ONSC 2766 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, May 6, 2025 (paras. 4, 10). Fictitious citations: Alam v. Shah, 2023 ONSC 1772; DaCosta v. DaCosta, 2010 ONSC 2178; Meschino Estate v. Meschino, 1998 CanLII 14734 (ON SC).
  181. Lozano González c. Roberge, 2025 QCTAL 15786 — Tribunal Administratif du Logement of Quebec, May 1, 2025 (para. 7). AI misuse identified: Inaccurate translation of Quebec’s Civil Code by AI.
  182. Hussein v. Canada (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship), 2025 FC 1060 — Federal Court of Canada, April 28, 2025 (para. 35). Fictitious citations: Canada (Minister of Citizenship and Immigration v. Weng 2001 FCT 575); Mapara v. Canada (MCI) 2018 FC 990.
  183. SQBox Solutions Ltd. v. Oak, 2025 BCCRT 408 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, March 31, 2025 (para. 11). Fictitious citation: Fictitious Citation Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  184. Simpson v. Hung Long Enterprises Inc., 2025 BCCRT 525 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, March 28, 2025 (para. 8). Fictitious citation: Smith v. Doe.
  185. A.Q. v. B.T., 2025 BCCRT 398 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, March 28, 2025 (para. 23). Fictitious citations: Jordan v. Law Society of British Columbia, 2018 BCCA 181; West Coast Environmental Law Association v. British Columbia (Ministry of Forests, Lands and Natural Resource Operations), 2019 BCSC 1935.
  186. Re Nicholson, 2025 ONSC 1069 — Superior Court of Justice of Ontario, February 18, 2025 (para. 145). Unfindable citations: In re: M. & N. Enterprises Ltd. 2022 BCSC 1012; Kenwood Hills Inc. 2015 ONSC 4481; Portus Alternative Asset Management Inc. 2007 ONSC 5089; Patterson v. Kingsway Financial Services Inc. 2006 ONCA 384; Toronto-Dominion Bank v. Canmarc Holdings Inc. 2019 ONSC 3451; G. A. Consulting v. A. D. Realty Corp. 2019 ONSC 5272.
  187. Geismayr v. The Owners, Strata Plan KAS 1970, 2025 BCCRT 217 — Civil Resolution Tribunal of British Columbia, February 14, 2025 (para. 25). Fictitious citation: The Owners, Strata Plan LMS 2768 v. Jordison (2013).
  188. Duarte v. City of Richmond, 2024 BCHRT 347 — Human Rights Tribunal of British Columbia, December 18, 2024 (para. 52). Fictitious citation: R v. C.P. Rail (1994).
  189. Monster Energy Company v Pacific Smoke International Inc., 2024 TMOB 211 — Trademarks Opposition Board of Canada, November 20, 2024 (para. 16). Fictitious citation: Hennes & Mauritz AB v M & S Meat Shops Inc, 2012 TMOB 7.
  190. CARB 188903M-2024 (Re), 2024 ABCGYARB 2188903 (CanLII) — Calgary Assessment Review Board of Alberta, November 7, 2024 (para. 1). Unfindable citation: Fictitious Citations Noted by Court. Not Specified in Decision..
  191. Rajabi v. Lassalle, 2024 QCTAL 35477 — Tribunal Administratif du Logement of Quebec, November 1, 2024 (para. 20). Unfindable citations: Bureau v.Maison, 2005 QCRLD 12345CanLII; Roussel(le) v. Bergeron, 2011 QCRDL 2005CanLII.
  192. Tweten (Re), 2024 ABSRA 3193 — SafeRoads Alberta of Alberta, October 29, 2024 (para. 30). AI misuse identified: Hallucinated proposition of law generated by AI.
  193. Industria de Diseno Textil, S.A. v Sara Ghassai, 2024 TMOB 150 — Trademarks Opposition Board of Canada, August 12, 2024 (para. 5). Unfindable citations: H & M Hennes & Mauritz AB v M & S Meat Shops Inc, 2012 TMOB 7; Vivat Holdings Ltd v Menasha Canada Ltd, 2001 FCA 278; M & M Meats Shops Ltd v M & M Products Inc, 2000 FCT 396; Cheap Flights Fares Inc v KAYAK Software Corporation; Molson Breweries v John Labatt Ltd, [2000] 3 SCR 890.
  194. Choi v Lloyd’s Register Canada Limited, 2024 CIRB 1146 — Canada Industrial Relations Board of Canada, July 23, 2024 (para. 76). Fictitious citations: Doe v. ABC Corporation (2018); Smith v. XYZ Ltd. (2019); Jones v. DEF Services (2020).
  195. Zhang v Chen, 2024 BCSC 285 — Supreme Court of British Columbia, February 20, 2024 (para. 8). Fictitious citations: M.M. v. A.M., 2019 BCSC 2060; B.S. v. S.S., 2017 BCSC 2162.