Spot the Fake: Real or AI-Hallucinated Canadian Case Citation?

An interactive quiz on AI-hallucinated case law in Canadian courts

Spot the Fake is a free interactive quiz that tests your ability to identify AI-hallucinated case citations in Canadian legal submissions. Players are presented with fifteen case citations drawn from Canadian courts and tribunals. Some are real decisions. Others are fabrications generated by artificial intelligence and submitted to courts as if they were real authority. Your task is to swipe right for real citations and swipe left for fake ones.

Why fictitious citations matter in Canadian law

As of 2026, Canadian courts have identified AI-hallucinated case citations in over 145 documented decisions across more than 44 courts and tribunals. Self-represented litigants and counsel are submitting AI-generated authorities they have not verified. When a fictitious citation enters the record unchecked, it can shape arguments, responses, and ultimately judicial reasoning.

How the quiz works

Each citation appears as a card. Read the citation. Decide whether it is real or fake. After each answer, you see whether you were correct and where the citation actually appeared in the Canadian case record. At the end, review every citation with full explanations.

About Courtready and CaseCheck

Spot the Fake is built by Courtready, a Canadian legal technology platform. The underlying research on fictitious citations was conducted by Tom Macintosh Zheng and published through CanLII as 2026 CanLIIDocs 738. CaseCheck, available at casecheck.courtready.ca, is the citation verification tool referenced throughout the quiz.

Spot the Fake

Real or
Fake?

Fifteen citations from Canadian courts and tribunals. Some are real. Some are AI-hallucinated. Each one is harder than it looks.

How it works
1.
Read each citation. Decide whether it is real or fake.
2.
After each card, see the answer and where the case was actually cited.
3.
Review all fifteen and learn the pattern.
Swipe left = Fake
Swipe right = Real
Before you begin

Who’s playing?

Your name is for the leaderboard. We will not share your email with any third parties.

Citation
1 / 15
Score
0
Streak 0
← Fake  ·  → Real
Card 1 of 15
Correct
Fictitious
The answers
Every citation, with sources for the fictitious ones.
Your score
0 / 15
—
Why this matters

If you don’t catch them, who will?

The other side’s submissions may already contain AI-hallucinated case law. Catching them is harder than it looks, and you just saw why. CaseCheck flags them automatically, in minutes.

How it works
Upload a PDF list of authorities or legal submission.
CaseCheck extracts every case citation from the document.
Each citation is automatically cross-referenced against CanLII.
Try CaseCheck→
CaseCheck by Courtready · courtready.ca/spotthefake Don’t let fake cases become real law.
The Leaderboard
Live
Loading…